1) according to 英 [əˈkɔ:dɪŋ tə] 美 [əˈkɔ:rdɪŋ tə] na.根据，按照;据…所说;如;比照
Eg Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming
据亨明师长西席所说，菲利普住在旅社里。
翻译：根据以英国圣公会(Church of England)为首的一个投资者组织的说法，环球各大煤炭开采企业必须展示他们将如何降落碳排放以实现巴黎协议下的环球景象变革目标。
✸✸Only two of the 20 largest listed coal companies — Rio Tinto and Brazil’s Vale — have long-term targets for reducing their emissions, according to a report published on Tuesday by the Transition Pathway Initiative, a coalition of investment funds with £34tn under management.
1） publish 英 [ˈpʌblɪʃ] 美 [ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt.& vi.出版，发行;揭橥，宣告（结婚等）;公布，颁布;出版…的著作
Eg They publish reference books
他们出版工具书。
短语：publish in the newspaper 登报
Eg Whatever the organizational model, though, neither department can tell the otherwhat to publish in the newspaper.
末了一个标题先容了报纸发行部的事情。
2）coalition 英 [ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn] 美 [ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃn] n.联合;同盟;结合体;（两党或多党）联合政府
Eg Since June the country has had a coalition government
从6月份起，该国一贯由一个联合政府执掌政权。
短语：coalition government 英 [ˌkəuəˈliʃən ˈɡʌvənmənt] 美 [ˌkoəˈlɪʃən ˈɡʌvənmənt]
联合政府
Eg The Social Democrats say they are ready after all to begin talks on joining a coalition government.
社会民主党人竟然说他们准备开始会谈加入联合政府了。
翻译：由旗下统共管理着34万亿英镑资产的多只投资基金组成的同盟“过渡路径行动”(Transition Pathway Initiative)周二发布的一份报告，20家最大上市煤炭企业中，只有两家（力拓(Rio Tinto)和巴西淡水河谷(Vale)）制订了降落排放的长期目标。
✸✸Three coal companies, DMCI Holdings, Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal, and Shougang Fushan Resources Group, do not even acknowledge climate change, the study said. The report comes after the Paris climate change agreement to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels came into effect last November.
1）come after 英 [kʌm ˈɑ:ftə] 美 [kʌm ˈæftɚ] 随着…来，跟在…后面
Eg The reforms come after decades of hostility to revisionism.
和改动主义对抗了几十年之后，改革终于到来了。
2）came into effect 起效
Eg The law came into effect on new year's day.
该法律在元旦开始生效。
翻译：该研究报告表示，DMCI控股公司(DMCI Holdings)、内蒙古伊泰煤炭株式会社(Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal)和首钢福山资源集团(Shougang Fushan Resources Group)这三家企业乃至不承认存在景象变革问题。该报告发布之前，巴黎景象变革协定在去年11月份生效，旨在将环球升温幅度限定在比工业化之出息度高2摄氏度以内。
✸✸“We still need to be able to assess the future carbon reductions of these companies against the globally agreed 2 degree pathway,” said Adam Matthews, head of engagement for the almost £10bn of pension and investment funds of the Church of England.
1）be able to 英 [bi: ˈeibl tu:] 美 [bi ˈebəl tu] v.能够;能，会;克
Eg They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break
他们可以帮忙照料孩子，这样你就可以歇一歇了。
2）engagement 英 [ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt] 美 [ɛnˈɡedʒmənt] n.约会;订婚，婚约;约定，左券;雇用
Eg He had an engagement at a restaurant in Greek Street at eight.
他8点在希腊街的一个餐厅有个约会。
短语：engage in 英 [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ in] 美 [ɪn'gedʒ ɪn] 经营;参加，从事，忙于;业
Eg Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not appliedresearch.
行业领袖希望科学家从事根本性研究，而非运用性研究。
翻译：英国圣公会规模近100亿英镑的养老金和投资基金的社会参与主管亚当•马修斯(Adam Matthews)表示：“我们仍旧须要有能力评估一下，针对环球赞许的2摄氏度目标的实现路径，这些企业未来的碳排放减少量应为多少。”
✸✸While many large investors have shunned coal, shares in producers have returned 38 per cent over the past year, according to the VanEck Vectors Coal ETF.
1）shunned v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 )
Eg This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.
这个极度主义组织故意避开了传统政治。
翻译：根据VanEck Vectors Coal ETF的说法，只管许多大型投资者已回避煤炭，但过去一年里煤炭生产商的股票已产生38%的回报。
✸✸Benchmark Australian thermal coal prices more than doubled in 2016 and briefly rose above $100 a tonne after China imposed curbs on its domestic producers.
1）thermal coal 动力煤;热煤;电煤;燃煤
Eg Coking coal is used to make steel, while power plants provide a market for thermalcoal.
炼焦煤用于炼钢，而火电厂为电煤供应了一个市场。
2）impose on 英 [imˈpəuz ɔn] 美 [ɪmˈpoz ɑn] 把…加于;强与…为伴;使硬缠着;给…带来麻烦
Eg Why should you let this fellow impose on you?
你为什么要让这家伙陵暴你？
翻译：澳大利亚动力煤基准价格指数在2016年上涨了一倍以上，并曾在中国限定其海内生产商后短暂攀升至每吨100美元以上。
✸✸While demand for coal is declining in the developed world, it is not likely to peak in China until 2026, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Coal will still make up 30 per cent of the power-generation mix of the country in 2040, the research group said in a recent report.
1）demand for 英 [diˈmɑ:nd fɔ:] 美 [dɪˈmænd fɔr] 哀求…
Eg Surging imports will add to the demand for hard currency.
入口激增将增加对硬通货的需求。
2） make up 英 [meik ʌp] 美 [mek ʌp] 组成;扮装;补足;编造
Eg North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country
北非人构成了该国最大的、也是最穷苦的移民群。
翻译：根据彭博新能源财经(Bloomberg New Energy Finance)的说法，只管发达国家对煤炭的需求正不才滑，但中国对煤炭的需求不太可能在2026年之前见顶。该研究组织在近期一份报告中表示，2040年煤炭占中国发电能源构造的比重仍将达到30%。
✸✸Greater transparency on action by mining companies could help investors and index providers better judge which companies were dealing with climate change, rather than avoiding coal companies altogether, said Jon Samuel, head of social performance and engagement at Anglo American.
1）deal with 英 [di:l wið] 美 [dil wɪð] 搪塞; 对待;惠顾; 与…交易
Eg In dealing with suicidal youngsters, our aims should be clear
在对待有自尽方向的青少年时，我们的目标应该很明确。
2）Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道还治其人之身
翻译：英美资源集团(Anglo American)社会表现及参与主管乔恩•塞缪尔(Jon Samuel)表示，提高采矿企业行动透明度可能有助于投资者和指数供应商更好地判断哪些企业在应对景象变革——而不是完备回避煤炭企业。
✸✸The study, conducted by the London School of Economics and Politics, tracked companies through five levels based on 14 questions related to climate change. Only three companies made it to the top level, Anglo American, BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, but none of them met all of the criteria in that top level, it said.
1） conducted 英 [kənˈdʌktɪd] 美 [kənˈdʌktɪd] vt.履行;为人;指挥（军队，乐队等）;[物]传导（热，电等）vt.& vi.勾引，带领 vi.指挥乐队 v. 传导;勾引（ conduct的过去式和过去分词 ）;带领;掌握
Eg Analyses were conducted on the raw data.
对原始数据进行了剖析。
短语：conducted by 由…指挥
Eg The study was conducted by Gothenburg University and Lund University in Sweden carried out by researchers.
此项研究由瑞典哥德堡大学和隆德大学研究职员进行。
2）make it to 遇上，到达
Eg So you did make it to America, after all.
那么，你究竟还是成功地来到了美国。
翻译：这项由伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics and Political Science)开展的研究，根据与景象变革有关的14个问题，将干系企业经跟踪研究后划分为五个级别。该研究报告表示，只有英美资源集团、必和必拓(BHP Billiton)和力拓被划到了最高级别，不过这三家企业也没有一家达到最高级别的所有评价标准。
✸✸In addition, only seven out of the 20 largest listed coal mining companies reported the emissions from the downstream burning of their coal, so-called lifecycle carbon emissions.
1）in addition 英 [in əˈdiʃən] 美 [ɪn əˈdɪʃən] adv.其余;并且;除此之外;况且
You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence.
Eg 你须要钱和韶光，此外还须要努力。
翻译：此外，这20家最大上市采煤企业中，只有7家报告了下贱烧煤的排放量，即所谓生命周期碳排放
